Vertebrae

The individual bones that make up the vertebral column, which supports the body and encases the spinal cord.

Vertebrae are a series of small bones that form the backbone, also known as the spinal column or spine. Each vertebra consists of a central body, a vertebral arch that encases the spinal cord, and several processes for muscle attachment and articulation with neighboring vertebrae. The vertebral column typically consists of 33 vertebrae, categorized into five regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal.

Terminologia Anatomica

vertebra

System

Skeletal system

Function

The primary function of vertebrae is to provide structural support for the body, enabling an upright posture and facilitating movement. They form the outer framework of the spinal canal, ensuring the protection of the spinal cord and supplying passageways for nerves that extend throughout the body. The vertebrae enable flexibility and a range of motion for the torso and neck, allowing for bending, twisting, and turning. Additionally, they play a crucial role in maintaining balance and stability, distributing the body’s weight evenly during various activities.

Location

Vertebrae are arranged in a vertical column extending from the base of the skull to the pelvis, constituting the backbone. The cervical region contains seven vertebrae, the thoracic region comprises twelve, the lumbar region has five, followed by the sacral region with five fused vertebrae, and finally, the coccygeal region which consists of four fused vertebrae forming the coccyx. Each vertebra is securely articulated with its adjacent vertebrae through intervertebral discs, providing cushioning and enabling movement.

Did You Know?

The cervical vertebrae are the tiniest vertebrae, while the lumbar vertebrae are the largest and provide the most support.
Vertebrae have unique shapes and positions, which adapt depending on their regional functions, with cervical vertebrae designed for a greater range of motion.
Damage to a single vertebra can impact the entire spinal cord and lead to a wide range of neurological issues, highlighting their importance for mobility and function.