Meniscus

The primary function of the meniscus is to act as a shock absorber between the femur (thigh bone) and the tibia (shin bone), effectively distributing weight across the knee joint and reducing the risk of injury to surrounding structures. Additionally, the menisci help stabilize the knee by deepening the joint socket, which assists in maintaining proper alignment during movement. This stabilization is vital during activities that involve bending, twisting, and pivoting. They also contribute to lubrication within the joint by aiding the flow of synovial fluid, which nourishes the articular cartilage and helps to reduce friction, allowing for smooth and pain-free motion.

The menisci are situated within the knee joint, specifically between the femur and tibia. The medial meniscus is positioned on the inner side of the knee, while the lateral meniscus resides on the outer side. Each meniscus is anchored to the tibia and is attached to the joint capsule, which encases the knee. Their crescent shape allows them to conform to the articulating surfaces of the femur and tibia, making their location critical for knee stability and functionality. They are accessible during orthopedic examinations and procedures due to their positioning within the joint’s structure.

• Menisci are often referred to as 'cartilage cushions' because of their ability to absorb shock and distribute forces in the knee.
• Injuries to the meniscus are common in sports, especially in activities that involve sudden stops or changes in direction.
• Unlike other tissues in the body, the meniscus has a limited ability to heal after injury due to its poor blood supply.
• The meniscus plays a role in proprioception, which is the body’s ability to sense its position and movement in space.