Human Anatomy

Middle cerebral artery

A major blood vessel that supplies essential blood to key areas of the brain, particularly those responsible for motor and sensory functions.

The middle cerebral artery (MCA) is one of the three main arteries that supply blood to the brain. It branches from the internal carotid artery and is responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the lateral aspects of the cerebral hemispheres, including areas involved in motor control, sensory processing, and higher cognitive functions. The MCA is vital for brain health, as it nourishes critical regions including the primary motor cortex and parietal lobes.

Terminologia Anatomica

arteria cerebri media

System

Circulatory system

Function

The primary role of the middle cerebral artery is to ensure adequate blood flow to essential brain regions. This artery plays a crucial part in the motor and sensory experiences of the body, as it supplies the areas of the cerebral cortex that process movements and sensations of the limbs and facial structures. Dysfunction or blockage in the MCA can lead to various neurological deficits, such as weakness on one side of the body or difficulty in language and speech, depending on the regions affected. The MCA's involvement in providing cerebral blood flow is fundamental to maintaining cognitive functions and supporting activities such as speech, reasoning, and emotional regulation.

Location

The middle cerebral artery originates from the internal carotid artery, which is located in the neck. Upon reaching the cerebral hemispheres, it conspicuously runs laterally, coursing along the lateral fissure of the brain - the Sylvian fissure. As it travels, it branches out to supply various cortical areas vital for a multitude of functions. The MCA's specific anatomical position makes it a key player in the vascular architecture of the brain, ensuring that critical areas receive the necessary blood supply for optimal functioning.

Did You Know?

The MCA is the most commonly affected artery in the case of a stroke.
People who experience a stroke in the territory of the MCA may exhibit contralateral weakness, meaning weakness occurs on the opposite side of the body from where the damage has occurred.
The middle cerebral artery is often assessed during medical imaging procedures to evaluate for potential blockages or anomalies.
Variations in the branching pattern of the MCA can significantly affect individual presentations in stroke symptoms.