Cervix

A narrow passage connecting the uterus to the vagina, playing a vital role in female reproductive health.

The cervix is the lower part of the uterus located at the top of the vagina. It is a cylindrical structure that acts as a passageway between the uterus and the vaginal canal. The cervix contains a canal that allows the flow of menstrual blood from the uterus to the vagina and serves as the conduit for sperm to enter the uterus during conception.

Terminologia Anatomica

cervix uteri

System

Reproductive system

Function

The cervix has multiple essential functions in the female reproductive system. Primarily, it acts as a barrier that regulates which substances can enter the uterus. During menstruation, the cervix opens slightly to allow menstrual fluid to flow out. During ovulation, the cervix produces a clear mucus that facilitates sperm movement toward the egg, helping in the processes of conception and reproduction. Additionally, during pregnancy, the cervix undergoes significant changes. It becomes thicker and closes tightly to protect the developing fetus from infection, maintaining a secure environment until labor begins. As labor approaches, hormonal changes cause the cervix to soften, thin out, and dilate, allowing for the passage of the baby during childbirth.

Location

The cervix is located at the base of the uterus, approximately 2.5 to 3 centimeters in length and about 2.5 centimeters in diameter. It protrudes into the upper part of the vagina, forming the vaginal fornix. The cervical canal extends from the uterine cavity down through the cervix to the vaginal opening. Positionally, the cervix is situated behind the bladder and in front of the rectum, making it a central structure in the female pelvis.

Did You Know?

The cervix is capable of producing different types of mucus throughout the menstrual cycle, changing in consistency to aid fertility.
Regular Pap smears can help detect abnormal cells in the cervix, allowing for early prevention of cervical cancer.
The cervix has remarkable elasticity and can stretch significantly during childbirth to accommodate the baby's head.
In some women, the cervix may retain its openness after giving birth, leading to a condition known as cervical incompetence, which can affect future pregnancies.