Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

A key nerve responsible for sensation in the posterior thigh and part of the gluteal region.

The posterior femoral cutaneous nerve is a branch of the sacral plexus, originating from the S1 to S3 spinal nerves. It is primarily responsible for providing sensory innervation to the skin of the posterior aspect of the thigh and part of the buttocks, making it crucial for relaying sensations such as touch and temperature from these areas.

Terminologia Anatomica

nervus femoralis cutaneus posterior

System

Nervous system

Function

The primary role of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve is to transmit sensory information from the skin of the posterior thigh and part of the gluteal region. This includes sensations of touch, pain, and temperature, helping to inform the central nervous system about changes in the environment. This sensory feedback is vital for reflex actions and motor responses, contributing to complex movements and maintaining balance during activities such as walking or running. Additionally, by providing proprioceptive feedback regarding the position of the thigh and hips, this nerve helps coordinate lower body movements, enhancing athletic performance and everyday locomotion.

Location

The posterior femoral cutaneous nerve emerges from the pelvis by passing through the greater sciatic foramen, below the piriformis muscle. It travels deep within the gluteal region and runs along the dorsal aspect of the thigh, typically lying beneath the hamstring muscles. As it descends, it branches out to innervate the skin on the posterior surface of the thigh, reaching the proximal parts of the lower leg and contributing to the innervation of the upper medial aspects as it progresses. This strategic positioning allows the nerve to effectively relay sensory information from critical regions of the lower body.

Did You Know?

The posterior femoral cutaneous nerve can be involved in conditions such as sciatic nerve entrapment, leading to altered sensations in the areas it innervates.
In addition to sensory functions, this nerve can also contain autonomic fibers, which play a role in regulating blood flow in the skin.
Damage or injury to this nerve may result in sensory deficits or pain in the posterior thigh region, impacting mobility.