Ovaries

The female reproductive organs responsible for the production of eggs and hormones.

Ovaries are small, almond-shaped organs situated on either side of the uterus in females. They are integral to the reproductive system, with each ovary containing thousands of immature eggs. Ovaries play a key role in hormone production, including estrogen and progesterone, which regulate various aspects of the menstrual cycle and reproductive health.

Terminologia Anatomica

ovaria

System

Reproductive system

Function

The primary function of the ovaries is twofold: the production of ova (egg cells) and the secretion of hormones. During a woman's reproductive years, each month, under the influence of hormones from the pituitary gland, several follicles in the ovaries mature, but usually only one follicle will release a mature egg during a process called ovulation. This event prepares the body for potential pregnancy. The hormones produced by the ovaries, particularly estrogen and progesterone, are essential for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics, regulation of the menstrual cycle, and preparation of the uterus for implantation of a fertilized egg. Additionally, these hormones play a role in maintaining bone density and cardiovascular health.

Location

Positioned in the pelvic cavity, the ovaries lie on either side of the uterus, held in place by ligaments known as the ovarian ligaments. Each ovary is roughly 3 cm in length and 1.5 cm in width, with their location approximately 5-7 cm from the midline of the body. They are situated near the ends of the fallopian tubes, which serve as pathways for eggs to travel from the ovaries to the uterus. This strategic positioning not only allows for the effective transportation of eggs but also facilitates interaction with the hormone signaling from the pituitary gland and surrounding structures.

Did You Know?

Ovaries are influenced by a complex interplay of hormones, including luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland.
Women are born with all the eggs they will ever have, with a typical female having about 1-2 million eggs at birth, which decreases to around 400,000 by puberty.
During a woman's lifetime, only about 400-500 eggs are ovulated, while the rest undergo a process of atresia, where they degenerate and are reabsorbed by the body.
The ovaries not only produce eggs but also produce hormones that affect mood, skin, and even weight, showcasing their broader role in overall health beyond reproduction.