Occipital bone

A crucial structure of the skull that houses the brain and supports the spinal column.

The occipital bone is a curved, irregular bone that forms the back and base of the skull. It plays a vital role in protecting the brain and providing attachment points for muscles and ligaments. This bone contains the foramen magnum, an opening through which the spinal cord passes to connect with the brainstem.

Terminologia Anatomica

os occipitale

System

Skeletal system

Function

One of the primary functions of the occipital bone is to protect the brain's posterior part and to support the weight of the head. It serves as an attachment site for several neck muscles, allowing for head movement and supporting the head's balance. The foramen magnum not only enables the passage of the spinal cord but also plays a role in maintaining the central nervous system's communication with the rest of the body. Additionally, the occipital bone connects with other skull bones, such as the parietal and temporal bones, contributing to the structural integrity of the skull.

Location

The occipital bone is located at the posterior and inferior region of the skull. It is strategically positioned to encase the hindbrain and forms the lower part of the cranial cavity. It articulates with the parietal bones at the lambdoid suture and the temporal bones laterally, also connecting with the sphenoid bone anteriorly. The external surface of the occipital bone features the external occipital protuberance, which can be felt through the skin and serves as an important anatomical landmark.

Did You Know?

The occipital bone is one of the least symmetrical bones in the human body.
Some people have a small indentation called the occipital bun on their occipital bone, which can be more pronounced in certain populations.
The word 'occipital' comes from Latin, where 'ob' means 'against' and 'caput' means 'head'.