Articular discs

The primary function of articular discs is to increase the stability of the joints in which they are found. By providing a better fit between the bone surfaces, these discs allow for a smoother range of motion and help prevent dislocations and injuries during physical activities. In addition to enhancing joint stability, articular discs also play a crucial role in absorbing shock and distributing loads across the joint surfaces. This function is vital in weight-bearing joints, such as the knee, where the stresses of movement can be significant. Furthermore, articular discs aid in the lubrication of the joint by contributing to the uniform distribution of synovial fluid, facilitating movement and reducing friction between the articulating bones.

Articular discs are predominantly found in synovial joints, where they are positioned between the articulating surfaces of bones. Notable locations include the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of the jaw and the knee joint, where the menisci serve as highly specialized forms of articular discs. In the knee, two crescent-shaped menisci enhance joint stability and cushion the impact during activities such as walking, running, and jumping. The presence of these discs helps to accommodate the irregular shapes of the joint surfaces, allowing for optimized movement mechanics.

• Articular discs are not present in all joints; they are found only in select joints that require additional stability and shock absorption.
• Injuries to articular discs, such as tears, can lead to significant pain and limited range of motion, requiring medical intervention.
• These discs are capable of significant remodeling in response to changes in load and mechanical stress, highlighting their adaptive nature.