External iliac artery

A major blood vessel responsible for supplying oxygenated blood to the lower limbs and pelvis.

The external iliac artery is a continuation of the common iliac artery, which bifurcates into the left and right branches at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra. It runs along the pelvic brim and continues into the thigh, where it becomes the femoral artery. This artery plays a crucial role in ensuring adequate blood supply to the lower extremities and parts of the pelvis.

Terminologia Anatomica

arteria iliaca externa

System

Circulatory system

Function

The primary function of the external iliac artery is to deliver oxygen-rich blood to the lower limbs and pelvic region. After branching from the common iliac artery, it provides branches that supply the lower abdominal wall and pelvic structures. As it transitions into the femoral artery, it plays a pivotal role in supplying blood to the thigh and knee region, which is essential for movement, stability, and overall lower limb functionality. The flow of blood through this artery is vital for delivering nutrients and oxygen required for muscle activity and tissue health, while also facilitating the removal of metabolic waste products. Proper circulation through the external iliac artery is critical not only for physical activity but also for maintaining the integrity of surrounding structures, such as the lymphatic system and various organs in the reproductory system.

Location

The external iliac artery is situated in the pelvis, originating from the bifurcation of the common iliac artery, which occurs at the L4 vertebral level. It runs laterally and slightly downward along the pelvic brim, passing under the inguinal ligament. Upon passing this ligament, it continues into the thigh, where it becomes the femoral artery. This artery lies deep to the external oblique muscle and is accompanied by the external iliac vein. Its close proximity to significant anatomical landmarks, such as the iliac fossa and the inguinal ligament, makes it an important reference point in clinical anatomy, surgical procedures, and interventions involving the lower limbs.

Did You Know?

The external iliac artery is approximately 3 to 4 centimeters long before it becomes the femoral artery.
It gives rise to several branches, including the inferior epigastric artery and the deep circumflex iliac artery, which supply important tissues of the abdomen and pelvis.
The artery may serve as an access point for various medical procedures, including catheterization for interventions in cardiovascular diseases.