Superior gluteal nerve

The superior gluteal nerve is vital for the proper movement and stability of the hip joint. It enables the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus muscles to facilitate hip abduction, which raises the leg sideways away from the body. This action is crucial for activities such as walking, running, and maintaining balance during locomotion. Additionally, the tensor fasciae latae, which is also innervated by this nerve, aids in the stabilization of the pelvis when standing on one leg. This stabilizing function is particularly important for preventing an excessive drop of the hip on the opposite side during movement, a phenomenon that can lead to inefficiencies and injuries.

The superior gluteal nerve originates in the pelvis, specifically from the posterior aspect of the sacral plexus. From its origin, it travels through the greater sciatic foramen, situated above the piriformis muscle. It then courses deep to the gluteus medius muscle, branching out to innervate the gluteus medius and minimus muscles. Its pathway is notably positioned in the gluteal region, close to the hip joint, where it plays its role in facilitating movement and stability.

• Injury to the superior gluteal nerve can result in a condition known as Trendelenburg gait, characterized by an inability to maintain pelvic level during walking.
• The superior gluteal nerve can be affected by various conditions, including surgeries in the hip area or traumatic injuries, leading to muscle weakness or paralysis.
• This nerve is commonly tested during neurological examinations for assessing hip abductor function.