Brunner's glands

Glands responsible for producing a fluid that protects the intestinal lining and aids in digestion.

Located in the submucosa of the duodenum, Brunner's glands secrete an alkaline fluid that helps neutralize stomach acid. This secretion also contains mucus, which lubricates the intestinal contents to facilitate their movement through the digestive tract. By maintaining a slightly alkaline environment, these glands play a crucial role in optimizing the conditions for digestive enzymes to function effectively.

Terminologia Anatomica

glandulae brunneri

System

Digestive system

Function

Brunner's glands primarily function to protect the intestinal mucosa and promote efficient digestion. When food enters the duodenum from the stomach, it is highly acidic due to the gastric juices. Brunner's gland secretion raises the pH level by neutralizing this acid, creating a more favorable environment for digestive enzymes released from the pancreas. The mucus component of the secretion also provides a protective coating for the delicate lining of the intestines, preventing irritation from the passage of food and other contents. Additionally, this mucus aids in buffering the intestinal contents, promoting smoother transit through the intestines. Overall, Brunner's glands are essential for maintaining gut health and enhancing the digestive process.

Location

Brunner's glands are specifically located in the submucosal layer of the duodenum, which is the first segment of the small intestine immediately following the stomach. They are scattered throughout the distal region of the duodenum and are particularly concentrated in the proximal part. This placement allows them to effectively respond to the acidic contents arriving from the stomach, ensuring that the alkaline secretions are released right where they are most needed to protect the intestinal lining and facilitate digestion.

Did You Know?

Brunner's glands were named after the Swiss anatomist Jacob Christoffel Brunner, who described them in detail in the 17th century.
The secretion of Brunner's glands can increase significantly during periods of digestion when acidic chyme enters the duodenum.
In certain conditions, such as chronic gastrointestinal diseases, the number and activity of Brunner's glands can be altered.