Iliohypogastric nerve

A key nerve responsible for sensation and motor control in the lower abdominal region.

The iliohypogastric nerve is a branch of the lumbar plexus, primarily arising from the first lumbar spinal nerve (L1). It traverses the abdominal wall, providing sensory innervation to the skin above the pubis and motor innervation to the lower abdominal muscles. This nerve plays a crucial role in various abdominal functions.

Terminologia Anatomica

nervus-iliohypogastricus

System

Nervous system

Function

The iliohypogastric nerve serves multiple essential functions within the body. Primarily, it is responsible for providing sensory information from the skin of the lower abdominal wall, helping the brain interpret touch, pain, and temperature in this area. Additionally, it innervates the abdominal muscles, aiding in movements such as trunk flexion and rotation, which are vital for maintaining posture and performing activities that require core strength. The nerve also contributes to the coordination of reflexes associated with abdominal contraction, which is essential during activities such as lifting, coughing, or sneezing. By facilitating both sensory and motor functions, the iliohypogastric nerve plays a pivotal role in the overall stability and movement of the trunk.

Location

The iliohypogastric nerve is located in the lower abdominal region, emanating from the lumbar plexus in the lumbar spine. It originates from the first lumbar spinal nerve and travels laterally, piercing the transversus abdominis muscle. As it progresses, it runs beneath the external abdominal oblique muscle and ascends towards the skin surface. Its pathways lead it to innervate the skin superior to the pubis and lateral aspects of the lower abdominal wall, making its presence vital for both sensory perception and muscular function in this region.

Did You Know?

The iliohypogastric nerve is often involved in surgical procedures in the lower abdomen, and its injury can result in numbness or weakness in the abdominal area.
In addition to sensory innervation, this nerve also plays a role in the autonomic nervous system by managing certain reflex actions.
The term 'iliohypogastric' reflects the nerve's association with the ilium (part of the pelvic bone) and the hypogastric region (the lower central part of the abdomen).