Extensor hallucis longus

A muscle responsible for extending the big toe and aiding in dorsiflexion of the foot.

The extensor hallucis longus is a slender muscle located in the anterior compartment of the leg. It originates from the middle portion of the fibula and the interosseous membrane, and it travels downward to insert into the dorsal aspect of the base of the distal phalanx of the big toe. This muscle plays a crucial role in the movement of the foot by helping with the extension of the big toe and contributing to ankle dorsiflexion.

Terminologia Anatomica

musculus extensor hallucis longus

System

Muscular system

Function

The primary function of the extensor hallucis longus is to extend the big toe (hallux) at the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints. This movement is essential for activities such as walking, running, and maintaining balance. By extending the big toe, the muscle helps in the propulsion phase of gait, allowing the foot to push off the ground effectively. Furthermore, its role in dorsiflexion of the foot assists in lifting the front of the foot during the swing phase of walking, preventing tripping and improving overall foot clearance. Because the muscle aids in stabilizing the ankle when the foot is in a dorsiflexed position, it also contributes to activities that require balance and coordination, enhancing athletic performance.

Location

The extensor hallucis longus is situated in the anterior compartment of the leg, which lies between the tibia at the medial side and the fibula laterally. This muscle runs virtually parallel to the extensor digitorum longus, another muscle in the same compartment, but is uniquely positioned to target the big toe specifically. Its tendon travels over the ankle joint, passing deep to the inferior extensor retinaculum, leading to the top of the foot. The insertion point is located at the base of the distal phalanx of the big toe, making it vital for toe movements and the overall mechanics of the foot.

Did You Know?

The extensor hallucis longus not only extends the big toe but also helps in stabilizing the foot during walking and running.
Injuries or conditions affecting this muscle can lead to difficulties with balance and toe movements, impacting daily activities.
This muscle is innervated by the deep fibular nerve, which also provides sensation to the area between the first and second toes.