Digital arteries

Small blood vessels responsible for supplying oxygenated blood to the fingers and toes.

Digital arteries are the arteries that specifically supply blood to the fingers and toes. They branch off from larger arteries, such as the radial and ulnar arteries in the hands and the anterior and posterior tibial arteries in the feet. Each finger and toe typically has its own digital artery, ensuring adequate blood flow to these extremities crucial for dexterity and sensation.

Terminologia Anatomica

arteriae digitales

System

Cardiovascular system

Function

The primary function of digital arteries is to deliver vital oxygen-rich blood to the distal phalanges of the fingers and toes. This blood supply is essential for the survival of the tissues in these areas. The unique structure of the digital arteries, which allows for a fine network of smaller branches, ensures that every area of the fingers and toes receives adequate nourishment. Furthermore, they play a crucial role in thermoregulation by facilitating blood flow adjustments in response to temperature changes, thus helping maintain optimal body temperature. By supplying nutrients and oxygen while also removing metabolic waste, digital arteries significantly contribute to the overall health and functionality of the hands and feet, enabling intricate movements and sensory perceptions.

Location

Digital arteries originate from larger arteries of the upper and lower limbs. In the hands, the radial artery and ulnar artery give rise to the common digital arteries, which then branch into the proper digital arteries that run along each finger. Similarly, in the feet, the anterior tibial artery and posterior tibial artery branch into the digital arteries that supply blood to the toes. These arteries are located near the surface of the skin, making them easily palpated, especially in areas where they run closely beneath the skin, providing a ready supply of blood to the extremities during various activities.

Did You Know?

Digital arteries are often involved in the reflex response known as the Allen test, used to assess blood flow to the hand.
In certain medical conditions, such as peripheral artery disease, the digital arteries can become narrowed or blocked, leading to reduced blood flow and an increased risk of tissue damage.
The digital arteries not only supply blood but also contain nerve fibers that help in the sensation of touch, temperature, and pain in the fingers and toes.