Occipitofrontalis

A muscle critical for facial expression, particularly in raising the eyebrows and wrinkling the forehead.

The occipitofrontalis is a broad muscle that consists of two main parts: the frontal belly at the front of the head and the occipital belly at the back of the head. The frontal belly originates from the galea aponeurotica, a thin layer of fibrous tissue, and inserts into the skin of the forehead and the eyebrows. The occipital belly also originates from the galea aponeurotica and attaches to the nuchal lines of the occipital bone. Together, these muscles function to move the scalp and facilitate forehead movements.

Terminologia Anatomica

musculus occipitofrontalis

System

Muscular system

Function

The primary function of the occipitofrontalis muscle is to control various facial expressions. The frontal belly elevates the eyebrows, which helps to express surprise or curiosity, and aids in wrinkling the forehead. The occipital belly assists in retracting the scalp backward. This muscle, therefore, plays a crucial role not just in facial expressions, but also in non-verbal communication, signaling emotions and reactions to others. In addition to its expressiveness, it aids in maintaining a stable position of the scalp during other facial movements, effectively coordinating overall facial dynamics.

Location

The occipitofrontalis muscle is located on the superior aspect of the head. It stretches from the forehead, extending over the top of the skull to the back of the head. The frontal belly is positioned anteriorly, while the occipital belly is located posteriorly. Both parts meet at the galea aponeurotica, which acts as a tendon connecting them. This anatomical structure allows the muscle to span across the forehead and skull, contributing to its wide range of movement and functionality.

Did You Know?

The occipitofrontalis muscle is also known as the epicranius.
In some individuals, the muscle can be particularly prominent, giving a distinctive look to the forehead.
This muscle is often involved in various types of tension headaches due to its role in expressing stress and tension in facial emotions.