Submandibular glands

Salivary glands located beneath the jaw that play a crucial role in digestion and oral health.

Submandibular glands are one of the three major pairs of salivary glands in the human body. They are responsible for producing saliva, which aids in digestion and helps maintain oral hygiene. These glands secrete a mucous and serous fluid, which contributes to the coating of food for easier swallowing and the initiation of the digestive process.

Terminologia Anatomica

glandulae submandibulares

System

Digestive system

Function

The primary function of the submandibular glands is to produce and secrete saliva into the mouth. Saliva contains enzymes, such as amylase, which begins the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates. It also contains antimicrobial agents that help reduce the risk of oral infections by controlling the bacterial population in the oral cavity. Additionally, saliva serves to lubricate food, enabling smoother chewing and swallowing, which is essential for efficient digestion. The continuous flow of saliva also plays a significant role in taste perception, as it dissolves food particles that activate taste receptors on the tongue. Furthermore, saliva contributes to the maintenance of oral pH levels, further supporting the teeth and overall oral health.

Location

The submandibular glands are located beneath the mandible, or lower jawbone, specifically in the posterior part of the mouth, near the angle of the jaw. They are situated bilaterally, meaning one gland is found on each side of the mandible. Each gland is roughly the size of a walnut and consists of two main lobes—superficial and deep—that are connected by tissue. The glands have ducts that open into the submandibular duct, which runs along the floor of the mouth and drains saliva into the oral cavity under the tongue. This anatomical positioning allows for efficient saliva delivery into the mouth during eating and speaking.

Did You Know?

Submandibular glands are responsible for producing about 60-70% of the total saliva in the mouth during normal rest and activity.
The size and function of the submandibular glands can change due to factors such as hydration, diet, and age.
These glands are often involved in conditions such as sialolithiasis, where saliva can form stones, leading to blockages and swelling.