Achilles tendon

The Achilles tendon plays a pivotal role in enabling efficient locomotion. It acts as a spring that stores elastic energy when the foot strikes the ground and then releases it during the push-off phase, thereby enhancing movement efficiency. This tendon not only supports the weight of the body during various physical activities but also helps to stabilize the ankle joint, allowing for controlled movements during walking and running. When the calf muscles contract, the force is transmitted through the Achilles tendon to the heel, facilitating essential actions such as plantarflexion—which is the movement that points the toes downward. Without this tendon, the ability to propel the body forward, especially during high-intensity sports, would be severely compromised.

The Achilles tendon is located at the back of the ankle, attaching the calf muscles directly to the heel bone. It runs from the mid-calf region downwards, merging into the heel. It is easily palpable just above the heel and is situated deep to the skin, overlapping with the ankle joint's structure. This optimal positioning allows it to effectively transmit forces generated by the calf muscles while maintaining a stable connection to the skeletal framework of the foot and ankle.

• The Achilles tendon is named after the Greek hero Achilles, whose only vulnerable spot was said to be his heel.
• It can withstand forces of up to six times the body weight during activities such as sprinting or jumping.
• The tendon fibers are primarily made of collagen, making it incredibly strong yet flexible.
• Injuries to the Achilles tendon are quite common, particularly in athletes, and can take a long time to heal.