Scapula

A flat triangular bone that forms a vital connection between the arm and the trunk of the body.

The scapula, commonly known as the shoulder blade, is a large, flat bone located on the posterior side of the thoracic cage. It has a distinctive triangular shape and serves as the foundation for the shoulder joint. The scapula plays a crucial role in facilitating arm movement and providing structural support.

Terminologia Anatomica

scapula

System

Skeletal system

Function

The primary function of the scapula is to act as an anchor point for the muscles that control shoulder movement. It provides a stabilizing surface for various muscles, including the rotator cuff, allowing for a wide range of motion while maintaining shoulder stability. The scapula also aids in the movement of the arm, allowing for lifting, throwing, and other activities that require dexterity. Additionally, the scapula is important for upper limb mechanics, acting as a pivot point for arm rotation and elevation. Its smooth, curved surfaces enable harmonious and coordinated movements of the shoulder girdle, which is essential for daily activities.

Location

The scapula is located in the upper back, lying flat against the rib cage. Each scapula is positioned laterally on either side of the spine, with the edges facing away from the midline of the body. Its acromion process extends over the shoulder joint, providing a bony prominence that serves as a point of attachment for muscles and ligaments. The scapula also articulates with the humerus (the bone of the upper arm) at the shoulder joint, a crucial articulation for arm movement. The scapula's location, combined with its unique shape, allows it to serve as an effective lever for the muscles that control shoulder and arm movements.

Did You Know?

The scapula is one of the few bones in the body that does not connect directly to the axial skeleton.
Variations in scapula shape can influence shoulder function and risk for injury.
The scapula has various anatomical landmarks, including the spine of the scapula, the glenoid cavity, and the coracoid process, each serving specific functions.
The term 'scapula' comes from the Latin word for 'shovel,' referencing its shape.