Human Anatomy
Bone tissue
A specialized form of connective tissue that provides structural support and protection to the body.
Bone tissue, also known as osseous tissue, is a dense, supportive connective tissue that forms the skeleton of the body. It is composed of a matrix that includes collagen fibers and inorganic mineral compounds, primarily hydroxyapatite, which give it strength and rigidity. Bone tissue is essential for many bodily functions, including movement, protection of vital organs, and serving as a reservoir for minerals.
Terminologia Anatomica
tissue-osseous
System
Skeletal system
Function
The main function of bone tissue is to provide a robust framework for the body, enabling movement and locomotion. Bones serve as levers that muscles pull on, facilitating a wide range of motions from walking to lifting. Additionally, bone tissue plays a critical role in protecting vital organs such as the heart, lungs, and brain from injury. Beyond mechanical support, bone tissue is integral to mineral homeostasis; it stores essential minerals such as calcium and phosphorus, releasing them into the bloodstream when needed to maintain balance in bodily functions. Furthermore, bone tissue houses hematopoietic stem cells within the bone marrow, which are responsible for the production of blood cells, thus underscoring its multifaceted roles in the body.
Location
Bone tissue is found throughout the body, forming the skeleton, which is categorized into two primary divisions: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton consists of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage, providing protection to the brain, spinal cord, and thoracic organs. The appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the limbs and the pelvis, facilitating mobility and interaction with the environment. Bone tissue can be further categorized into two types: compact bone, which is dense and forms the outer layer of bones, and spongy bone, which is lighter and located within the interior of bones, especially in the ends of long bones and in the vertebrae. This strategic distribution allows for both strength and flexibility in the skeletal structure.
Did You Know?
- Bone tissue is continually undergoing a process of remodeling, where old bone is replaced by new bone to adapt to stress and maintain bone strength.
- The human body has approximately 206 bones in adulthood, but this number can vary depending on genetic factors.
- Bones contain living cells, including osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts, which actively participate in bone maintenance and remodeling.
- The strongest bone in the human body is the femur, or thigh bone, which can withstand significant forces during physical activities.
- Bone tissue is capable of regenerating after injury, demonstrating remarkable healing abilities due to its vascular nature.