Thoracic aorta

A major artery that carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

The thoracic aorta is the portion of the aorta that runs through the thoracic cavity. It begins at the ascending aorta, which branches off from the left ventricle of the heart, and extends downwards through the chest until it passes through the diaphragm into the abdominal cavity. This section of the aorta is responsible for distributing blood to the organs and tissues within the thoracic region.

Terminologia Anatomica

aorta-thoracica

System

Cardiovascular system

Function

The primary function of the thoracic aorta is to serve as the main conduit for oxygenated blood from the heart to various regions of the upper body, including the head, neck, arms, and portions of the thorax. Furthermore, it branches into several smaller arteries that supply blood to critical structures such as the lungs, esophagus, and thoracic wall. The thoracic aorta also plays a crucial role in maintaining adequate blood pressure and ensuring proper circulation, adapting to the body's changing demands during physical activities. By delivering high volumes of oxygen and nutrients, it supports cellular metabolism and overall organ function, which is vital for health and vitality.

Location

The thoracic aorta is located within the mediastinum, which is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity, bordered by the lungs on either side. It begins at the level of the third thoracic vertebra (approximately 0.7 meters above the diaphragm) and runs downwards to the diaphragm, where it transitions into the abdominal aorta. As it descends, it gives rise to branches that supply blood to organs such as the heart (via the coronary arteries), the lungs (through the bronchial arteries), and the upper body (via the subclavian and carotid arteries). The thoracic aorta is positioned posterior to the heart and anterior to the vertebral column, making it a central pathway for blood flow throughout the upper body.

Did You Know?

The thoracic aorta can be divided into sections: the ascending aorta, the arch of the aorta, and the descending aorta.
The arch of the aorta gives rise to three major arteries that supply blood to the head, neck, and arms.
Aneurysms in the thoracic aorta can occur, often requiring surgical intervention to prevent rupture.
The thoracic aorta is the largest artery in the body and can measure up to 2.5 cm in diameter in adults.