Superior mesenteric artery

A major blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the intestines.

The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) is a large artery that arises from the abdominal aorta, located just below the level of the diaphragm. It plays a crucial role in supplying blood to the midgut region, which includes parts of the small intestine and the beginning of the large intestine. The SMA originates approximately at the level of the first lumbar vertebra (L1) and branches out into several arteries to ensure adequate blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract.

Terminologia Anatomica

arteria-mesenterica-superior

System

Circulatory system

Function

The primary function of the superior mesenteric artery is to deliver oxygen-rich blood to the intestines, which is essential for proper digestion and absorption of nutrients. Specifically, it supplies blood to the distal part of the duodenum, the jejunum, the ileum, the cecum, the appendix, the ascending colon, and the proximal two-thirds of the transverse colon. Oxygen and nutrients carried by the blood are critical for maintaining the health and function of these organs. In addition to supplying blood, the SMA also plays a role in regulating blood flow to the intestines, responding to the metabolic demands of the gut as it processes food, thereby ensuring that the intestine receives adequate nourishment during periods of increased digestive activity, such as after a meal.

Location

The superior mesenteric artery is located in the abdominal cavity, originating from the abdominal aorta at the level of the first lumbar vertebra. After branching off from the aorta, the SMA travels downward and slightly forward, passing behind the neck of the pancreas. It then enters the mesentery, a fold of tissue that attaches the intestines to the abdominal wall, and branches into smaller arteries, such as the ileocolic, right colic, and middle colic arteries, which fan out to supply the various segments of the intestines. Its strategic positioning allows it to efficiently deliver blood to the organs it supplies, navigating through the complex anatomy of the gastrointestinal system.

Did You Know?

The superior mesenteric artery is often referred to as the 'second major branch' of the abdominal aorta, following the celiac trunk.
Anatomists often classify the SMA as crucial for the vascular supply of the intestines, making it important for understanding gastrointestinal health.
Variations in the branching pattern of the SMA can occur, which may influence surgical procedures in the abdominal region.