Ophthalmic artery

A vital vessel supplying blood to the eye and its surrounding structures.

The ophthalmic artery is a branch of the internal carotid artery that provides essential blood flow to the orbit, including the eyeball and surrounding tissues. It usually originates within the cranial cavity and travels through the optic canal alongside the optic nerve, conducting critical nutrients and oxygen to sustain the health of various ocular structures.

Terminologia Anatomica

arteria ophthalmica

System

Circulatory system

Function

The primary function of the ophthalmic artery is to supply blood to vital areas within the orbit that are crucial for visual function. It branches into several smaller arteries—such as the central retinal artery, the ciliary arteries, and the lacrimal artery—ensuring that both the inner and outer layers of the eye receive adequate blood flow. This supply is essential for maintaining the health of the retina, the optic nerve, and even the ocular muscles. A well-vascularized retina is particularly important, since it relies on a constant flow of nutrients and oxygen. Any interruption in blood supply through the ophthalmic artery can lead to serious conditions, such as vision loss or diseases of the eye, underscoring its role in preserving visual integrity and function.

Location

The ophthalmic artery is strategically located within the cranial region, immediately originating from the internal carotid artery. As it traverses into the orbit, it enters through the optic canal, which is situated in the sphenoid bone. The artery runs alongside the optic nerve, which assists in the integration of visual information. Once inside the orbit, the ophthalmic artery divides into several branches, each designated to supply different structures in the eye and its environment, making its anatomical positioning essential for effective blood distribution.

Did You Know?

The central retinal artery, a critical branch of the ophthalmic artery, is the sole source of blood for the retina.
An occlusion of the ophthalmic artery can lead to a rare but serious condition known as anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, potentially resulting in permanent vision loss.
The ophthalmic artery also supplies portions of the eyelids, the forehead, and the skin above the eye, indicating its role beyond just visual components.