Esophagus

A muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach, facilitating the passage of food and liquids.

The esophagus is a collapsible, muscular tube that plays a vital role in the digestive system. Measuring approximately 25 centimeters in length in adults, it transports food and beverages from the mouth to the stomach. It is lined with a mucous membrane that provides lubrication and protection against the effects of swallowed food.

Terminologia Anatomica

esophagus

System

Digestive system

Function

The primary function of the esophagus is to serve as a conduit for food and liquid. When swallowing occurs, a series of coordinated muscle contractions, known as peristalsis, propels the food toward the stomach. The esophagus also acts as a barrier by preventing the backflow of stomach contents through structures called sphincters, which regulate the flow at both ends. Additionally, the esophagus plays a role in sensing and responding to swallowed substances, thereby protecting the airway and ensuring that food does not enter the lungs.

Location

The esophagus originates in the throat, at the level of the sixth cervical vertebra, and extends downward through the neck and chest. It passes through the diaphragm at an opening known as the esophageal hiatus, before connecting to the stomach at the cardiac orifice. Its pathway traverses the posterior mediastinum, lying posterior to the trachea and anterior to the spine, demonstrating its integral position among other thoracic organs.

Did You Know?

The esophagus can expand significantly to accommodate food, stretching as wide as 3 centimeters during swallowing.
Certain conditions can lead to esophageal disorders, including acid reflux, which occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus.
The esophagus does not have a protective lining like the stomach, making it more susceptible to damage from acidic or hot substances.