Medial collateral ligament

The primary role of the medial collateral ligament is to provide stability to the knee joint, particularly during activities that involve lateral movements. It prevents the knee from bending inward, a motion that could lead to injury. Additionally, the MCL plays a role in controlling the motion of the knee during flexion and extension, ensuring that the joint remains aligned and functions properly. This ligament absorbs shock and distributes forces exerted on the knee, protecting it from excessive strain during physical activities such as running, jumping, or pivoting. Overall, the MCL is essential for maintaining proper knee mechanics and helps prevent injuries to surrounding structures, including other ligaments and tendons.

The medial collateral ligament is situated along the inner aspect of the knee joint. It originates from the medial epicondyle of the femur, running vertically downwards to insert on the medial surface of the tibia. The ligament is located just beneath the skin and is easily accessible during a physical examination. Its position relative to other structures in the knee includes a close association with the medial meniscus, a crescent-shaped cartilage that further aids in cushioning the joint. The MCL's anatomical relationship with surrounding muscles, tendons, and ligaments makes it critical for the knee's overall integrity.

• The MCL is often injured during sports activities that involve sudden changes in direction, such as in football and soccer.
• Injuries to the MCL can often occur in conjunction with injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), as they both help stabilize the knee.
• The medial collateral ligament has both deep and superficial layers, each contributing to its overall function and stability.
• MCL injuries are classified into three grades, ranging from mild sprains to complete tears, which require different treatments.