Human Anatomy

Anterior cerebral artery

A crucial blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the medial portions of the frontal lobes and superior medial parietal lobes.

The anterior cerebral artery (ACA) is one of the major arteries in the brain. It originates from the internal carotid artery and follows a curved path along the medial surface of the frontal and parietal lobes. The ACA is vital for delivering oxygen-rich blood, allowing the brain to function properly.

Terminologia Anatomica

arteria cerebri anterior

System

Circulatory system

Function

The primary function of the anterior cerebral artery is to provide oxygenated blood to the areas of the brain responsible for higher cognitive functions, motor control, and sensory perception. Specifically, the ACA supplies the medial frontal cortex, which is involved in decision-making, and the paracentral lobule, which plays a central role in movement control and sensation of the lower limbs. Interruptions in blood flow through the ACA can lead to various neurological deficits, including weakness or sensory loss in the legs and alterations in personality or executive functions. Because of its critical role in supplying blood to these regions, the health of the ACA is essential for maintaining overall brain function.

Location

The anterior cerebral artery is located in the brain, originating from the internal carotid artery near the base of the skull. It travels medially across the top of the corpus callosum, a significant band of nerve fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. As it progresses forward, the ACA branches into numerous smaller arteries that spread over the surface of the frontal lobe and parietal lobe, reaching deep into the brain's medial structures. This anatomical positioning makes the ACA particularly important in supplying blood to the portions of the brain that control lower limb functions and certain cognitive abilities.

Did You Know?

The anterior cerebral artery is often involved in strokes that affect the lower limbs more than the upper limbs due to its specific blood supply distribution.
In some individuals, the ACA can have an unusual configuration, leading to variations in how blood is supplied to the brain.
The ACA is part of the Circle of Willis, a ring-like arterial structure at the base of the brain that provides collateral circulation.