Anterior tibial artery

The primary function of the anterior tibial artery is to supply oxygen-rich blood to the anterior compartment of the leg, which includes important muscles such as the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus. These muscles are vital for foot dorsiflexion—the action of raising the foot upward. By providing necessary blood flow, the anterior tibial artery supports not only movement but also the metabolic processes that sustain muscle function. Additionally, it plays a role in supplying blood to the dorsal aspect of the foot, critical for locomotion and balance.

The anterior tibial artery is located in the lower leg, emerging from the popliteal artery at the posterior aspect of the knee. It then runs down through the anterior compartment, bordered by the tibia on its medial side and the fibula on its lateral side. Logically, as it descends, it travels toward the ankle, where it transitions into the dorsalis pedis artery, located on the top of the foot. Its beginnings and trajectory are crucial for determining the blood supply to various structures in this part of the body.

• The anterior tibial artery is one of the two main branches of the popliteal artery, with the other being the posterior tibial artery.
• It is often used as a pulse point to assess the blood flow to the foot.
• Damage to the anterior tibial artery can lead to complications such as foot drop, a condition where the foot cannot be raised, affecting walking.