Subclavian veins

The veins that play a crucial role in draining blood from the upper limbs and parts of the neck.

Subclavian veins are major veins located beneath the collarbone, responsible for returning deoxygenated blood from the arms, shoulders, and parts of the head and neck back to the heart. They extend from the junction of the internal jugular vein and the brachiocephalic vein, merging into the superior vena cava.

Terminologia Anatomica

vena-subclavia

System

Circulatory system

Function

The primary function of the subclavian veins is to facilitate venous return from the upper body to the heart. They collect blood from various minor veins, including the external jugular vein and the cephalic vein. As deoxygenated blood moves through these veins, it is transported back to the heart for re-oxygenation. Maintaining an efficient flow through the subclavian veins is essential for overall circulation and prevents pooling of blood in the upper extremities. Additionally, these veins play a vital role in regulating blood pressure by managing the blood volume returning to the heart, contributing to the overall homeostasis of the circulatory system and ensuring that the organs receive adequate oxygen and nutrients.

Location

Subclavian veins are situated bilaterally beneath the clavicle (collarbone), appearing on both sides of the body. They run horizontally from the first rib towards the heart, specifically transitioning into the brachiocephalic vein, which is the vessel formed by the combination of the subclavian vein and the internal jugular vein. This positioning places them strategically to efficiently collect blood from the surrounding muscles, tissues, and organs of the upper limbs and neck, allowing ease of drainage as they ascend along the thoracic outlet and toward the thorax.

Did You Know?

The right and left subclavian veins are not symmetrical; they are different in length and path due to the underlying structures of the thorax.
Subclavian veins are often used for central venous catheter placements because of their accessibility and the large diameter allowing for easier insertion.
In certain medical conditions, such as thoracic outlet syndrome, the subclavian veins can become compressed, leading to significant circulatory issues.