Aorta

The largest artery in the body, responsible for transporting oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

The aorta is a major blood vessel originating from the left ventricle of the heart. It arches upwards, forming the aortic arch, and then descends through the thorax and abdomen as the descending aorta. Its primary function is to distribute oxygenated blood to all parts of the body, ensuring vital organs and tissues receive the necessary nutrients and oxygen to function effectively.

Terminologia Anatomica

aorta

System

Cardiovascular system

Function

The aorta plays a crucial role in the circulatory system. It is responsible for carrying freshly oxygenated blood from the heart to various organs and tissues. When the heart pumps, blood is ejected into the aorta under high pressure. This pressure is vital for the blood to flow through a complex network of arteries, eventually reaching even the smallest capillaries. The aorta also has an important function in regulating blood pressure. Its elastic walls can stretch to accommodate the surge of blood during a heartbeat, then recoil to maintain continuous blood flow in-between heartbeats. Furthermore, the aorta divides into several major arteries that supply blood to the head, neck, arms, and lower body, making it an essential conduit in ensuring every part of the body receives adequate circulation.

Location

The aorta begins as it rises from the left ventricle of the heart, extending upward in a section known as the ascending aorta. It then curves into the aortic arch, from which major branches emerge to supply the upper body with blood. Following the aortic arch, the aorta descends into the thoracic cavity, where it is referred to as the thoracic aorta. As it passes through the diaphragm, it transitions into the abdominal aorta, which travels down the abdomen until it bifurcates into the right and left common iliac arteries, supplying blood to the lower limbs. Its significant position in the body makes it a central conduit for blood distribution.

Did You Know?

The aorta can be over 2.5 centimeters in diameter at its base, making it one of the largest blood vessels in the human body.
The term 'aorta' is derived from the Greek word 'aorte,' which means 'to lift or raise,' reflecting its role in carrying blood away from the heart.
Diseases affecting the aorta, such as aneurysms or dissections, can be life-threatening and require immediate medical attention.
The aorta has two main branches that emerge from the aortic arch: the brachiocephalic trunk, which supplies blood to the arm and head, and the left common carotid and left subclavian arteries.