Transverse carpal ligament

A vital structure in the wrist that supports and stabilizes the carpal bones.

The transverse carpal ligament is a strong, fibrous band that spans the wrist, forming the roof of the carpal tunnel. It attaches medially to the pisiform and hamate bones and laterally to the scaphoid and trapezium bones, creating a passage for tendons and the median nerve. This ligament plays an essential role in maintaining the stability and function of the wrist.

Terminologia Anatomica

ligamentum carpi transversum

System

Musculoskeletal system

Function

The transverse carpal ligament primarily functions to support the carpal bones in the wrist, contributing to the formation of the carpal tunnel. This tunnel houses several tendons, including those of the flexor muscles, which allow for the flexion of the fingers, as well as the median nerve, which is crucial for sensation and function in parts of the hand. By maintaining the integrity of the tunnel, the ligament prevents excessive movement of the carpal bones, thereby ensuring efficient transmission of forces during hand movements and reducing the risk of compression on the median nerve. Dysfunction or inflammation of this ligament can lead to conditions such as carpal tunnel syndrome, where decreased space in the tunnel may result in pain, numbness, and weakness in the hand. Thus, the transverse carpal ligament is not only pivotal for mechanical stability but also plays a key role in the sensory and motor functions of the hand.

Location

The transverse carpal ligament is located at the wrist, lying across the front of the wrist (the palmar side). It spans horizontally between the outer (lateral) aspects of the scaphoid and trapezium bones on one side and the inner (medial) aspects of the pisiform and hamate bones on the other side. By creating a rigid barrier across the wrist, it effectively separates the sensorimotor structures of the forearm from the tendons and nerves that innervate the hand. This strategic positioning allows it to play a central role in both the stability and function of the wrist joint, accommodating the many intricate movements required for activities of daily living.

Did You Know?

The transverse carpal ligament is also referred to as the flexor retinaculum, highlighting its role in holding down the flexor tendons.
Carpal tunnel syndrome can occur when the transverse carpal ligament becomes thickened or inflamed, leading to increased pressure on the median nerve.
In some individuals, anatomical variations can lead to a structural difference in the transverse carpal ligament, influencing the risk of developing wrist-related issues.
This ligament is often a focus in surgical procedures for carpal tunnel release, where it is cut to alleviate nerve pressure.