Sternoclavicular joint

The vital joint connecting the upper limb to the torso.

The sternoclavicular joint is a complex, synovial joint located between the sternal end of the clavicle and the manubrium of the sternum. It serves as the critical link between the pectoral girdle and the axial skeleton, facilitating a wide range of shoulder movements. This joint is among the few points where the arm connects directly to the trunk.

Terminologia Anatomica

articulatio sternoclavicularis

System

Skeletal system

Function

The primary function of the sternoclavicular joint is to provide stability and mobility to the shoulder girdle. Due to its unique structure, it allows for a combination of movements, including elevation, depression, retraction, protraction, and rotation of the clavicle. These movements are essential for the arms to reach overhead, cross the body, and perform various tasks that require agility, such as throwing or lifting. The joint also assists in absorbing forces applied to the upper limb, giving it a key role in protecting the shoulder and chest areas during physical activities. This dynamic functionality helps in maintaining balance and coordination while moving.

Location

The sternoclavicular joint is located in the upper chest region, precisely where the clavicle (collarbone) meets the sternum (breastbone). More specifically, it can be found at the base of the neck, positioned anteriorly within the thoracic cage. It is situated on both sides of the midline, with each joint allowing movement that contributes to the overall range of motion of the shoulder girdle. This joint is also surrounded by supportive ligamentous structures and is encapsulated by a fibrous joint capsule, which adds to its stability.

Did You Know?

The sternoclavicular joint is the only bony connection between the upper limb and the axial skeleton.
Injuries to the sternoclavicular joint are relatively rare, but when they occur, they can be quite serious due to the proximity of vital structures like blood vessels and airways.
The joint is often overlooked in shoulder assessments, as emphasis typically lies on the more prominent glenohumeral joint.
Unlike many other joints in the body, the sternoclavicular joint has an articular disc, which helps absorb shock and improve the fit between the clavicle and sternum.