Bulbourethral glands

Glands that produce a pre-ejaculate fluid that lubricates the urethra and neutralizes acidity.

Bulbourethral glands, also known as Cowper's glands, are small exocrine glands located in the male reproductive system. Each gland is about the size of a pea, typically measuring around 1.5 centimeters in length. They play a crucial role in the male reproductive process by secreting a clear, viscous fluid prior to ejaculation, which serves to lubricate the urethra and provide a more hospitable environment for sperm.

Terminologia Anatomica

glandula bulbourethralis

System

Reproductive system

Function

The main function of the bulbourethral glands is to produce a secretion that aids in sexual intercourse. This pre-ejaculate fluid helps to lubricate the urethra, minimizing friction during the passage of sperm. Additionally, the fluid neutralizes any acidity that might be present in the urethra, as well as any residual urine that may inhibit sperm survival. By creating a more alkaline environment, these glands facilitate the healthy movement of sperm during ejaculation, improving the chances of successful fertilization. Furthermore, the fluid produced also serves as a natural lubricant, enhancing comfort during sexual activity, which is essential for reproductive success.

Location

Bulbourethral glands are located within the male pelvis, positioned bilaterally at the base of the penis. They are embedded in the urogenital diaphragm, near the internal urethra, seated just beneath the prostate gland. The ducts of these glands open into the spongy urethra, allowing their secretion to mix with sperm fluid during the process of ejaculation. This strategic placement within the male reproductive tract underscores their role in preparing the urethra for sperm passage, further emphasizing their importance in the male reproductive anatomy.

Did You Know?

The pre-ejaculate fluid released by the bulbourethral glands can contain sperm, which may lead to pregnancy even if ejaculation does not occur.
These glands are named after the anatomist William Cowper, who first described them in the 17th century.
The bulbourethral glands can also be stimulated during arousal, contributing to sexual pleasure.
In some cultures, the presence and health of the bulbourethral glands are considered indicators of male fertility.