Arytenoid cartilages

Small, paired cartilages located in the larynx that play a crucial role in voice production and breathing.

Arytenoid cartilages are two pyramid-shaped structures located at the back of the larynx. They are part of the respiratory system and serve as important anchor points for the vocal cords. Each arytenoid cartilage consists of a base, an apex, and several surfaces that allow for movement and attachment of muscles and ligaments.

Terminologia Anatomica

cartilago arytenoidea

System

Respiratory system

Function

The primary functions of the arytenoid cartilages are to facilitate voice production and regulate airflow during breathing. By tilting and rotating, the arytenoid cartilages alter the tension and position of the vocal cords, which is essential for phonation (sound production). When the vocal cords are adducted (brought together), sound is produced as air from the lungs passes through them. Additionally, these cartilages help to open and close the glottic area—the space between the vocal cords—allowing for efficient airflow and protecting the airway during swallowing. Proper functioning of the arytenoid cartilages is vital for clear speech and effective communication.

Location

Located within the larynx, the arytenoid cartilages sit on the superior aspect of the cricoid cartilage, forming a pivotal structure within the airway. Each arytenoid cartilage is positioned symmetrically on either side of the midline, articulating with the cricoid cartilage below and the vocal cords extending from their anterior connection. The arytenoids are found at approximately the level of the fourth to sixth cervical vertebrae, nestled within the cartilage framework of the larynx, surrounded by other structures like the thyroid and epiglottis. Their strategic location allows them to effectively influence the position and tension of the vocal cords during both vocalization and respiration.

Did You Know?

The term 'arytenoid' comes from the Greek word 'arytenos', meaning 'a ladle', referring to their shape.
Arytenoid cartilages are crucial for both phonation and protection of the airway during swallowing.
In addition to singing and speech, changes in the position of the arytenoid cartilages also affect tone and pitch.
In certain medical conditions, such as laryngeal paralysis, dysfunction of the arytenoid cartilages can lead to hoarseness or loss of voice.