Mesothelial tissue

A type of epithelial tissue that lines body cavities and covers organs.

Mesothelial tissue is a specialized form of epithelium composed of mesothelial cells. This tissue plays a crucial role in providing a protective barrier and secreting serous fluid, which acts as a lubricant to reduce friction between organs and the surrounding structures. It is essential for the proper functioning of various organs within the ventral body cavity.

Terminologia Anatomica

mesothelialis

System

Integumentary system

Function

The primary function of mesothelial tissue is to provide a smooth, frictionless surface for organs, particularly those within the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities. This unique tissue helps to minimize friction between visceral and parietal layers as organs expand and contract, such as during breathing or digestion. Additionally, mesothelial cells secrete serous fluid that serves as a lubricant and protective medium, assisting in organ mobility and reducing the risk of inflammation or injury. The mesothelium also plays a role in immune responses by acting as a physical barrier and facilitating the movement of immune cells to sites of infection or injury, thus contributing to the body’s overall health and maintenance.

Location

Mesothelial tissue is found lining various serous cavities in the body. It can be located in the pleural cavities surrounding the lungs, the pericardial cavity surrounding the heart, and the peritoneal cavity lining the abdominal organs. This tissue forms a continuous layer over the surfaces of these cavities and is integral to the functioning of several organ systems. In the pleura, it creates a double-layer membrane with the parietal pleura lining the thoracic cavity and the visceral pleura covering each lung. The pericardial mesothelium follows a similar pattern around the heart, while peritoneal mesothelium lines the abdominal cavity and envelops most abdominal organs, creating a protective environment that allows for organ movement and interaction.

Did You Know?

Mesothelial tissue is one of the few types of epithelium that does not have a direct blood supply; instead, it receives nutrients and oxygen through diffusion from underlying tissues.
The serous fluid produced by mesothelial cells can help prevent adhesions, which are abnormal connections between organs that can occur following surgery or infection.
Certain diseases, such as mesothelioma, are associated with the mesothelium and can be linked to exposure to asbestos.
In addition to its protective and lubricating functions, mesothelial tissue plays a role in fluid homeostasis, helping regulate the amount of fluid in body cavities.