Renal arteries

Vessels that supply blood to the kidneys, essential for their function in filtering waste from the blood.

Renal arteries are large blood vessels that branch off from the abdominal aorta, responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood directly to the kidneys. Each kidney is supplied by a single renal artery, which ensures that the organs receive the necessary nutrients and oxygen required for their vital functions.

Terminologia Anatomica

arteriae renales

System

Circulatory system

Function

The primary function of the renal arteries is to transport blood to the kidneys, which play a crucial role in the body's overall homeostasis. Once the blood reaches the kidneys, it is filtered to remove waste products and excess substances, including water, electrolytes, and toxins. This filtration process is essential for regulating blood pressure, maintaining fluid balance, and ensuring the optimal environment for various biochemical processes. The kidneys also have endocrine functions, releasing hormones like erythropoietin, which stimulates red blood cell production, and renin, which helps regulate blood pressure. Therefore, the renal arteries not only supply blood for filtration but are integral to the delicate balance of bodily functions.

Location

The renal arteries originate from the abdominal aorta, specifically at the level of the first lumbar vertebra (approximately 1.5 centimeters below the diaphragm). Each renal artery travels laterally and slightly upwards before branching into smaller arteries as they approach the corresponding kidney. Upon entering the kidney's hilum—a central area where blood vessels and nerves connect—the renal artery divides into anterior and posterior branches, further branching within the kidney to supply various structures including the renal cortex and medulla. The precise anatomical position and course of the renal arteries are vital, as any obstruction or damage can severely impact kidney function.

Did You Know?

Each kidney is typically supplied by one renal artery, but some individuals may have multiple renal arteries on one or both kidneys, a condition known as accessory renal arteries.
Renal arteries are critical in maintaining blood pressure; a reduction in blood flow through these arteries can trigger the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which raises blood pressure.
The diameter of the renal arteries is about 5 to 6 millimeters, allowing for a significant volume of blood to flow to the kidneys every minute—about 20-25% of the total cardiac output.