Glosaurus
Human Anatomy

Mammary glands

Glands that produce milk in female mammals for feeding their young.
Mammary glands are specialized exocrine organs located in the breasts of female mammals. They are responsible for the production and secretion of milk, which provides essential nutrients to infants. In addition to lactation, these glands also play significant roles during pregnancy and postpartum stages, showcasing the intricate relationship between the glands and reproductive health.
Terminologia Anatomica
glandulae mammariae
System
Endocrine system
Function
The primary function of mammary glands is lactation, which is the process of producing and secreting milk to nourish newborns. This crucial role ensures that infants receive vital nutrients, antibodies, and hydration necessary for healthy growth and development. During pregnancy, hormonal changes stimulate the growth and maturation of mammary glands, preparing them for milk production. After childbirth, the action of suckling by the infant triggers the release of prolactin and oxytocin hormones, which promote milk secretion and ejection. In addition to nourishing infants, mammary glands also serve as an indicator of reproductive health, with changes in their structure or function often reflecting hormonal balance or signaling underlying health issues.
Location
Mammary glands are located within the breast tissue, which is situated on the anterior thoracic wall. In females, these glands extend from the second to the sixth rib and can vary significantly in size and shape among individuals. Each gland consists of lobules, which contain milk-producing alveoli, and connective tissue, which supports the structure. Additionally, ducts transport the milk from the alveoli to the nipple, where it is expelled during breastfeeding. The male breast contains rudimentary mammary glands; however, they usually do not develop the capability to produce milk.
Did You Know?
  • Mammary glands have a remarkable ability to adapt their composition of milk based on the needs of the infant, varying in fat, protein, and sugar content.
  • Mammary glands can continue to produce milk for several months after childbirth, even in the absence of frequent suckling.
  • In some cases, men can develop a condition called gynecomastia, where mammary tissue becomes more prominent, although milk production is rare.