Salivary glands

Glands located in and around the mouth that produce saliva to aid in digestion and oral health.

Salivary glands are exocrine glands that secrete saliva, a digestive fluid that moistens food, aids in digestion, and maintains oral hygiene. They are classified into three major pairs: the parotid glands, submandibular glands, and sublingual glands, as well as numerous smaller glands throughout the oral cavity.

Terminologia Anatomica

glandulae salivariae

System

Digestive system

Function

The primary function of salivary glands is to produce saliva which is essential for the initial stages of digestion. Saliva serves multiple purposes: it aids in breaking down food through enzymes, moistens the oral cavity to facilitate swallowing, and acts as a lubricant to help transport food down the esophagus. Furthermore, saliva contains antimicrobial agents that help maintain oral health by reducing the risk of infections and neutralizing acids produced by bacteria in the mouth. This protective function is pivotal in preventing dental caries and gum diseases. Saliva also plays a vital role in taste perception by dissolving food substances, allowing taste receptors to identify flavors more effectively. Additionally, salivary glands respond to stimuli such as food, taste, and even thought of food, leading to increased salivation and preparation of the digestive system for food intake.

Location

Salivary glands are primarily located in the oral cavity and surrounding areas. The three major paired glands are positioned as follows: the parotid glands are found just in front of the ears and extend to the jawline, the submandibular glands are located beneath the lower jaw, and the sublingual glands are situated beneath the tongue. In addition to these larger glands, numerous smaller salivary glands are distributed throughout the inner lining of the cheeks, lips, and the palate. This strategic placement ensures an even distribution of saliva in the mouth, enhancing the process of digestion and oral hygiene.

Did You Know?

Salivary glands can produce approximately 0.5 to 1.5 liters of saliva each day, depending on hydration levels, diet, and individual health.
The parotid glands are the largest salivary glands and can become inflamed, a condition known as parotitis or mumps.
Saliva contains an enzyme called amylase that begins the breakdown of starches into sugars even before food reaches the stomach.