Epiglottis

A critical flap of tissue that plays a vital role in protecting the airway during swallowing.

The epiglottis is a leaf-shaped cartilaginous structure located at the base of the tongue. It is positioned above the larynx and attached to the thyroid cartilage. The epiglottis functions primarily to prevent food and liquid from entering the trachea during swallowing and thus protects the airway.

Terminologia Anatomica

epiglottis

System

Respiratory system

Function

The primary function of the epiglottis is to serve as a valve that controls the passage of food and air. During swallowing, the epiglottis folds downward over the larynx, creating a barrier that directs food and liquid into the esophagus. This action ensures that the respiratory tract remains clear of potentially harmful substances that could cause choking or aspiration. Additionally, the epiglottis plays a role in phonation by aiding the movement of air through the vocal cords, which is essential for producing sound. Its ability to close off the airway at the right moment during the swallow reflex is crucial for proper digestion and respiratory health.

Location

The epiglottis is situated in the throat, just behind the base of the tongue and in front of the larynx. It is roughly 5 cm in height in adults and is attached to the anterior wall of the laryngeal cavity. The structure is flexible and shaped somewhat like an elongated leaf, allowing it to move easily during the processes of swallowing and breathing. When at rest, the epiglottis stands upright, allowing air to flow freely into the trachea; however, during swallowing, it is compressed down to block the airway.

Did You Know?

The epiglottis is composed mostly of elastic cartilage, which gives it flexibility and the ability to return to its original shape.
In infants, the epiglottis is larger in proportion to the size of their larynx, which helps to protect their airways during breastfeeding.
Certain conditions, such as epiglottitis, can lead to inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis, posing a serious threat to breathing.