Tibial nerve

A critical nerve responsible for sensation and motor function in the lower leg and foot.

The tibial nerve is one of the major branches of the sciatic nerve. It traverses the posterior compartment of the leg, providing sensory innervation to the skin of the sole of the foot and motor innervation to the muscles of the lower leg and foot. It is integral for the proper functioning of the foot's flexor muscles, which are vital for walking and other activities.

Terminologia Anatomica

nervus tibialis

System

Nervous system

Function

The tibial nerve performs essential functions in both sensory and motor capacities. Its motor fibers innervate several muscles, including the gastrocnemius and soleus, which are important for movements such as plantarflexing the foot during walking, running, and jumping. This nerve also stimulates the flexor muscles of the foot, allowing for actions like curling the toes and maintaining balance when standing. In terms of sensory function, the tibial nerve supplies the skin on the plantar surface of the foot, enabling the detection of pressure, temperature, and pain. This dual role is crucial for safe and coordinated movement, contributing to overall mobility and balance in daily activities.

Location

The tibial nerve originates in the posterior thigh from the sciatic nerve, which is the largest nerve in the body. After branching from the sciatic nerve just above the knee, it travels downwards and passes behind the knee joint through the popliteal fossa. From there, it descends into the posterior compartment of the leg, running alongside the posterior tibial artery. As it reaches the ankle, the tibial nerve divides into the medial and lateral plantar nerves, which supply the sole of the foot. This anatomical pathway illustrates its integration with critical structures of the leg, allowing it to effectively connect with various muscles and skin regions.

Did You Know?

Injuries to the tibial nerve can lead to a foot drop condition, making it difficult to lift the front part of the foot while walking.
The tibial nerve also contributes to the sural nerve, which is involved in sensory perception along the back of the leg.
Diabetic neuropathy can impact the tibial nerve, leading to weakened foot muscles and increased risk of foot injuries.