Parietal bones

Two large, flat bones situated on the sides and roof of the skull.

The parietal bones are a pair of bones located in the human skull. They form the upper sides and roof of the cranium, protecting the brain and providing structure to the head. Each bone is characterized by its roughly quadrilateral shape, making it one of the key components of the calvaria, the upper part of the skull.

Terminologia Anatomica

ossa parietalia

System

Skeletal system

Function

The primary function of the parietal bones is to provide protection for the brain, one of the most vital organs in the body. They shield the brain from physical damage and are integral in maintaining the shape and structure of the skull. Beyond protection, the parietal bones serve as important attachment points for various muscles and ligaments. These bones also contribute to the formation of the cranial cavity, supporting the delicate membranes that encase the brain and helping to maintain appropriate intracranial pressure. In addition, they play a role in the formation of the skull sutures, which are the immovable joints between adjacent bones of the skull that allow for a degree of growth and flexibility during development.

Location

The parietal bones are situated on either side of the skull, emerging from the frontal bone at the front and the occipital bone at the back. They extend laterally from the midline to the temples (temporal bones) and meet at the superior midline at the sagittal suture. This positioning gives the parietal bones a significant role in the overall shape and aesthetics of the head. The parietal region can be palpated from the outside of the skull, and their prominence can vary among individuals based on factors such as age and genetic background. The parietal bones' location is essential not only for cranial protection but also for providing structure to the face and head.

Did You Know?

The name 'parietal' comes from the Latin word 'parietalis', which means 'pertaining to a wall', reflecting its protective function.
In infants, the parietal bones are ossified late in development, making them softer and more flexible, which assists in childbirth.
Parietal bones can vary in thickness among different individuals and are also subject to change due to conditions such as osteoporosis.