Testes

The paired organs responsible for producing sperm and hormones like testosterone.

Testes, also known as testicles, are the male reproductive glands. They are typically oval-shaped and are responsible for producing sperm cells through a process called spermatogenesis, as well as secreting hormones, primarily testosterone, which is essential for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics.

Terminologia Anatomica

testes

System

Reproductive system

Function

The primary function of the testes is twofold: spermatogenesis and hormone production. Spermatogenesis occurs within the seminiferous tubules of the testes, where germ cells develop into mature spermatozoa. This process is regulated by hormones such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) produced by the pituitary gland. Alongside sperm production, the testes secrete testosterone, a vital hormone that influences numerous physiological aspects, including the growth of facial and body hair, the deepening of the voice during puberty, and the maintenance of libido and erectile function throughout adulthood. Testosterone also plays a crucial role in the development of muscle mass and bone density.

Location

The testes are located in the scrotum, a sac-like structure that hangs outside the male body, situated behind the penis. This external placement is critical for thermoregulation; sperm production requires a temperature slightly lower than the core body temperature. The scrotum achieves this by relaxing or contracting, allowing the testes to move closer to the body for warmth or further away to cool down. In adult males, each testis typically measures about 4-5 centimeters in length and 2-3 centimeters in width, providing a compact yet effective structure for reproductive function.

Did You Know?

The testes descend into the scrotum before birth in a process known as testicular descent.
Each testis contains about a thousand tiny tubes, called seminiferous tubules, where sperm production takes place.
Testosterone production peaks during late adolescence and gradually declines with age.
The term 'orchid' is derived from the Greek word for testis, referring to the shape of the organ.