Glosaurus
Human Anatomy

Internal iliac vein

A major vessel responsible for draining blood from the pelvic region and gluteal muscles.
The internal iliac vein is a key blood vessel located in the pelvis. It collects deoxygenated blood from various structures in the pelvic area, including the reproductive organs, lower urinary tract, and gluteal muscles. This vein is a continuation of the internal iliac artery and ultimately contributes to the formation of the common iliac vein.
Terminologia Anatomica
vena-iliaca-interna
System
Circulatory system
Function
The primary function of the internal iliac vein lies in its role as a major conduit for venous blood return from the pelvis to the heart. By collecting blood from several smaller veins, it effectively transports deoxygenated blood away from the pelvic organs and muscles. The internal iliac vein helps maintain proper blood circulation in the pelvic region, ensuring that metabolic wastes are efficiently removed and that the oxygen levels in the remaining blood returning to the heart are preserved. Its capacity to regulate blood flow is crucial, especially during periods of increased exertion, such as during physical activity involving the lower limbs and pelvic region. Furthermore, it plays a role in venous drainage from areas that require fluctuation in blood volume, contributing to the body's overall hemodynamic stability.
Location
The internal iliac vein is situated in the posterior part of the pelvis, branching off from the internal iliac artery. It runs parallel to the artery and travels laterally from the midline toward the ischium. It is located deep within the pelvic cavity, closely associated with various pelvic organs such as the rectum, bladder, and reproductive organs. The vein ascends posteriorly as it approaches the sacroiliac joint, where it eventually joins with the external iliac vein to form the common iliac vein on each side of the body. Its deep location within the pelvis necessitates careful anatomical knowledge, as it is covered by layers of muscle and connective tissue.
Did You Know?
  • The internal iliac vein can have variation in its drainage patterns, which may differ between individuals.
  • In some cases, the internal iliac vein is involved in certain medical conditions related to pelvic congestion or venous insufficiency.
  • The internal iliac vein may also give rise to small branches that drain the buttock region and pelvic organs directly.