Bulbospongiosus

A muscle that plays a critical role in both the male and female reproductive systems.

The bulbospongiosus is a muscle located in the perineum, surrounding the bulb of the penis in males and the vaginal opening in females. It is involved in various functions associated with sexual reproduction and urination, contributing to the rhythmic contractions during these processes.

Terminologia Anatomica

bulbospongiosus

System

Muscular system

Function

This muscle has several essential functions. In males, the bulbospongiosus helps in the expulsion of urine and semen by contracting rhythmically during ejaculation. This contraction aids in propelling semen through the urethra. Additionally, it supports the pelvic floor and contributes to the erection by compressing the blood vessels responsible for filling the erectile tissue of the penis, thereby allowing for increased blood flow. In females, the bulbospongiosus supports the vaginal canal, enhances sexual arousal, and contributes to orgasm via rhythmic contractions, which may also assist in expelling menstrual fluid.

Location

The bulbospongiosus muscle is positioned in the pelvic floor and lies anterior to the anal region. In males, it encircles the base of the penis, starting from the perineal body, and stretches outwards to attach to the pubic symphysis. In females, it surrounds the vaginal opening and extends back to the perineal body, playing a crucial role in the structure of the perineum. This strategic location allows it to effectively perform its functions related to both the reproductive system and urinary control.

Did You Know?

The bulbospongiosus muscle is sometimes considered a marker for pelvic floor health, revealing the strength and control of pelvic muscles.
In addition to its role during sexual activities, this muscle can be strengthened through targeted exercises, often referred to as Kegel exercises, which can improve sexual function and urinary control.
During childbirth, the bulbospongiosus can stretch significantly, emphasizing the effects of pregnancy on pelvic floor anatomy.