Costovertebral joints

Key structures that connect the ribs to the spine, enabling thoracic movement and stability.

Costovertebral joints are synovial joints formed between the heads of the ribs and the vertebrae in the thoracic spine. Each rib articulates with two adjacent vertebrae and an intervertebral disc, forming a joint that allows for slight movement during respiration. The joints are characterized by their articular cartilage, synovial fluid, and a joint capsule, which provide cushioning and reduce friction during movement.

Terminologia Anatomica

articulatio costovertebralis

System

Skeletal system

Function

The primary function of the costovertebral joints is to facilitate the movement of the rib cage during breathing. When inhaling, these joints enable the ribs to elevate and expand the thoracic cavity, allowing for increased lung capacity and air intake. During exhalation, the ribs descend, and the joints assist in the compression of the thoracic cavity, helping to expel air from the lungs. Additionally, these joints contribute to the overall stability of the thoracic spine and provide a point of attachment for muscles involved in respiration, posture, and upper body movement. The mobility allowed by the costovertebral joints is crucial for the dynamic mechanics of breathing, as well as for activities that involve upper body mobility.

Location

Costovertebral joints are positioned in the upper part of the torso, specifically at the segment where the ribs connect to the thoracic vertebrae. Each of the twelve pairs of ribs articulates with their corresponding thoracic vertebrae, ranging from T1 to T12. This connection forms a joint on both sides of the vertebrae, with the head of the rib fitting into a shallow cup-like depression known as the costal facet. The design of these joints allows for movement while maintaining a strong structural connection between the ribs and the spine. Their anatomical arrangement is integral to the protective structure of the thorax, encasing vital organs such as the heart and lungs.

Did You Know?

Costovertebral joints provide essential support to the thoracic cavity and assist in the stabilization of the upper body.
These joints are particularly important during physical activities that require deep breaths or vigorous upper body movements.
Pathologies affecting the costovertebral joints, such as arthritis, can lead to complications in breathing and an increase in thoracic pain.