Temporalis

The main function of the temporalis muscle is to elevate and retract the mandible, which is essential for the chewing and grinding of food. When contracting, the temporalis works in coordination with other muscles of mastication, such as the masseter and pterygoid muscles, to ensure effective and efficient eating. The muscle is uniquely designed to harness the power of the skull, enabling strong bites while also allowing for intricate movements that facilitate precise control over food’s position within the mouth. As the temporalis operates, it is also crucial for speech, as it helps stabilize the jaw during vocalization, demonstrating its importance beyond mere chewing.

The temporalis muscle is located on the lateral side of the skull, covering part of the temporal bone. It originates from the temporal fossa, which is a shallow depression on the side of the skull, and extends to insert at the coronoid process of the mandible. This strategic positioning allows the temporalis to effectively exert force on the jaw, playing a vital role in its movement. The muscle lies beneath the dermis (the outer layer of skin) and is covered by the temporalis fascia, which helps protect it while also providing space for the muscle to contract and expand smoothly.

• The temporalis can be divided into two sections: the anterior fibers that primarily elevate the mandible, and the posterior fibers that assist in retracting the mandible.
• In individuals with strong jaw muscles, the temporalis can become visibly prominent, leading to a condition known as 'temporal hypertrophy.'
• Beyond chewing, the temporalis is involved in controlling the movements of the jaw during stress, such as grinding teeth, which is why it can become tense from anxiety or tension.