Bartholin's glands

Pair of glands located on either side of the vaginal opening, responsible for secreting fluid that aids in lubrication.

Bartholin's glands, also known as greater vestibular glands, are small, pea-sized structures situated bilaterally at the posterior portion of the vaginal opening. They are ducted glands that produce a mucous secretion to provide lubrication during sexual arousal. This lubricating fluid is essential for sexual intercourse and overall vaginal health. Their secretion helps maintain the moisture of the vaginal canal, impacting female sexual well-being.

Terminologia Anatomica

glandulae bartholini

System

Reproductive system

Function

The primary function of Bartholin's glands is to secrete a viscous fluid that lubricates the vaginal canal, particularly during sexual arousal. This lubrication reduces friction and enhances comfort during intercourse, thus playing a crucial role in sexual function. Additionally, the fluid produced by these glands may assist in maintaining the pH balance within the vagina, further contributing to the overall health of the reproductive system. In a state of arousal, the glands become engorged with blood and secrete their mucous into the vaginal canal through their ducts. In essence, without the functional capacity of Bartholin's glands, sexual intercourse could become uncomfortable or even painful due to insufficient natural lubrication.

Location

Bartholin's glands are located bilaterally at the posterior vestibule of the vagina, specifically positioned at approximately 4 to 5 centimeters from the vaginal opening, nestled beneath the superficial perineal fascia. Each gland consists of a small duct that opens into the vaginal vestibule, allowing for the secretion of fluid directly into the vaginal area. Their placement is strategically significant as it enables them to provide lubrication effectively during sexual arousal and intercourse. The clear anatomical location of these glands within the vestibule aids in their accessibility and function, essential for maintaining the health of the reproductive system.

Did You Know?

Bartholin's glands are named after the Danish anatomist Caspar Bartholin, who described them in the 17th century.
If a Bartholin's gland becomes blocked, it can lead to the formation of a cyst, which may require medical intervention.
These glands can become inflamed, a condition known as Bartholin's gland cyst or Bartholin's gland abscess, causing discomfort.
The secretions of Bartholin's glands are not only for lubrication but also may contain antimicrobial properties to help protect the vagina from infections.