Celiac trunk

A major artery that supplies blood to the upper abdominal organs.

The celiac trunk is a large, short artery that branches off from the abdominal aorta. It arises from the aorta just below the diaphragm at the level of the first lumbar vertebra (approximately 1.5 centimeters in diameter). This trunk rapidly bifurcates into three primary arteries: the left gastric artery, the splenic artery, and the common hepatic artery, each supplying blood to various structures in the upper abdomen.

Terminologia Anatomica

truncus-celiacus

System

Circulatory system

Function

The primary function of the celiac trunk is to provide oxygenated blood to the upper part of the digestive system, including the stomach, liver, pancreas, and spleen. Through its branches, it plays a crucial role in supplying nutrients absorbed from food to the liver and aiding in metabolism. The left gastric artery nourishes the stomach, while the splenic artery provides blood to the spleen, an organ responsible for filtering blood and recycling iron. The common hepatic artery delivers blood to the liver, gallbladder, and part of the pancreas, playing a vital role in digestion and detoxification processes. By ensuring a steady supply of blood to these organs, the celiac trunk supports not just digestion but also regulates various metabolic functions essential for maintaining overall health.

Location

The celiac trunk is located in the upper abdomen, emanating from the abdominal aorta, which runs vertically through the center of the body. Specifically, it branches off approximately 1 to 2 centimeters below the diaphragm. Following its origin, the celiac trunk quickly divides into its three main branches, which course away from the trunk to reach their respective organs. The close proximity of the celiac trunk to the major structures of the abdomen makes it a critical artery for ensuring that these vital organs receive adequate blood supply for their proper function. Understanding its location helps in surgical procedures and diagnosing abdominal ailments.

Did You Know?

The celiac trunk is sometimes referred to as the 'solar plexus' due to its many nerve connections and the way it resembles a sunburst shape.
Despite being a single trunk, the branches of the celiac trunk serve three major organs, emphasizing its importance in providing critical blood supply to the upper abdomen.
Variations in the anatomy of the celiac trunk and its branches are common, with some individuals having additional arteries that arise from it.
The celiac trunk is often involved in surgical procedures such as celiac axis resection for treating certain types of cancer.