Superficial temporal artery

A vital blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the side of the head and face.

The superficial temporal artery is a branch of the external carotid artery. It arises in the parotid gland and moves upwards in front of the ear, dividing into several smaller branches that supply various structures of the scalp and face.

Terminologia Anatomica

arteria temporalis superficialis

System

Circulatory system

Function

The primary function of the superficial temporal artery is to supply blood to the scalp, temples, and parts of the face. As it branches off from the external carotid artery, it plays a crucial role in delivering oxygen-rich blood to the areas surrounding the head. This oxygenated blood is essential for maintaining cellular function and health in the skin and hair follicles of the scalp, as well as providing nutrients necessary for the metabolism of those tissues. Furthermore, the artery helps regulate temperature and facilitates the sensation in the areas it supplies. Its importance is highlighted during surgical procedures and medical examinations since its pulse can also be palpated in certain locations, making it a functional blood vessel in physical assessments.

Location

The superficial temporal artery is located in the lateral aspect of the head. It originates from the external carotid artery, situated within the parotid gland, just anterior to the ear. As it ascends, it travels towards the scalp, typically lying deep to the skin and superficial fascia, approximately at the level of the temporal bone. Along its course, it gives off several branches, including the frontal and parietal branches, which extend towards the forehead and the side of the head, respectively. Its specific positioning makes it easily accessible for medical assessment and intervention.

Did You Know?

The pulse of the superficial temporal artery can often be felt above the zygomatic arch, just in front of the ear.
In cases of migraines, the superficial temporal artery can become inflamed, leading to a condition known as temporal arteritis.
It is one of the main arteries used during certain plastic and reconstructive surgeries of the face and scalp.
Variations in the anatomy of the superficial temporal artery can occur, which may influence surgical approaches or vascular assessments.