Glenohumeral ligaments

The primary function of the glenohumeral ligaments is to provide stability to the shoulder joint during various movements. They help to prevent dislocation and excessive movement that could lead to injuries. The superior glenohumeral ligament assists in stabilizing the shoulder when the arm is in a lowered position, while the middle glenohumeral ligament is vital during arm abduction. The inferior glenohumeral ligament, the most significant of the three, offers stability at extremes of shoulder movement, particularly during overhead activities and during throwing motions. In essence, these ligaments work together to reinforce the shoulder capsule, making it resilient to the dynamic forces applied during physical activities.

The glenohumeral ligaments are located around the shoulder joint, which is formed by the articulation of the head of the humerus with the glenoid cavity of the scapula. The ligaments extend from the glenoid labrum, a fibrocartilaginous structure that deepens the socket, to various positions on the humeral neck. They create a supportive framework surrounding the joint capsule, closely adhering to the joint, allowing them to maintain tension and provide stability in different orientations of the arm. Their strategic placement enables them to affect the joint’s mobility while simultaneously safeguarding it against dislocation and injury.

• The glenohumeral joint is the most mobile joint in the human body, capable of moving in multiple directions due to the flexibility provided by these ligaments.
• Injuries to the glenohumeral ligaments often occur in sports that involve overhead motions, such as baseball and swimming.
• The glenohumeral ligaments can deteriorate with age, leading to shoulder instability and increased risk of injuries.