Ulnar artery

This major blood vessel primarily supplies blood to the medial aspect of the forearm and hand.

The ulnar artery is one of the two main branches of the radial artery and plays a crucial role in supplying oxygenated blood to the forearm and hand. It originates from the bifurcation of the brachial artery at the level of the elbow and runs alongside the ulna bone, providing various branches that supply muscles and tissues along its path.

Terminologia Anatomica

arteria ulnaris

System

Circulatory system

Function

The primary function of the ulnar artery is to deliver oxygen-rich blood to the medial side of the forearm and hand, ensuring that these areas receive the necessary nutrients and oxygen to function properly. It supplies blood to important structures, including the flexor muscles of the forearm, the skin of the palm, and the fingers via its branches, such as the superficial and deep palmar arches. These arches further branch into digital arteries, ensuring that every finger receives adequate blood supply, which is crucial for fine motor skills and sensation. When the body is in motion or under physical stress, the ulnar artery adjusts blood flow to meet increased demand, highlighting its essential role in maintaining hand function and overall upper limb health.

Location

The ulnar artery is located in the forearm, beginning at the bifurcation of the brachial artery near the elbow joint, around the level of the medial epicondyle of the humerus. From this point, it travels downwards alongside the ulna bone, which is the larger of the two bones in the forearm. As it descends, it courses under the flexor muscles and lies deeper than the radial artery in the forearm. Near the wrist, it makes a gradual turn towards the palm of the hand, where it forms the superficial and deep palmar arches that supply the hand with blood. Its close proximity to the ulna makes it more susceptible to injury, particularly in certain sporting activities or accidents.

Did You Know?

The ulnar artery is often involved in the process of collateral circulation, allowing blood to bypass blockages in other arteries.
In some individuals, the ulnar artery can be absent or has a variant anatomy, which may influence clinical procedures.
Some conditions, like ulnar artery thrombosis, can lead to reduced blood flow, impacting hand function and sensation.
The ulnar artery gives rise to the common interosseous artery, which branches further to supply deep muscles in the forearm.