Costal cartilage

Connects the ribs to the sternum, contributing to the structure of the rib cage.

Costal cartilage is a type of cartilage that connects the true ribs to the sternum (breastbone). Comprised primarily of hyaline cartilage, it provides flexible support that facilitates breathing by allowing the rib cage to expand and contract. It is crucial for the structural integrity of the rib cage while maintaining a degree of mobility.

Terminologia Anatomica

cartilago costalis

System

Respiratory system

Function

The primary function of costal cartilage is to provide flexibility and support to the rib cage. This unique feature allows for the expansion of the thoracic cavity during inhalation, enabling the lungs to fill with air. Conversely, during exhalation, the elasticity of the costal cartilage helps return the rib cage to its resting position. The costal cartilage also serves to distribute the forces exerted on the ribcage during physical activity, protecting the delicate underlying organs, principally the heart and lungs. Moreover, it assists in the attachment of the ribs, maintaining the overall structure and form of the thorax.

Location

Costal cartilage is situated within the anterior thoracic region, specifically extending from the anterior ends of the ribs to the sternum. The first seven pairs of ribs, known as true ribs, are directly connected to the sternum via their respective costal cartilages. Each piece of cartilage is roughly 4 to 10 centimeters long, with variations in size among individuals. The structure of costal cartilage allows it to span the gap between the bony rib and the sternum, contributing to the overall architecture of the chest.

Did You Know?

Costal cartilage allows the rib cage to expand during deep breathing, providing greater capacity for lung expansion.
The first pair of costal cartilages is generally shorter and more rigid than those of the lower ribs, reflecting the different functional demands on the upper rib cage.
In cases of rib fractures, costal cartilage can sometimes absorb impact, reducing the risk of injury to internal organs.